UK scientists to explore Changing Arctic Ocean to measure climate change threat
Two members of the department have set sail on the first cruise of a new £10 Million research programme to investigate how the Arctic Ocean is changing. Associate Professor of Biogeochemistry, Heather Bouman, and recent graduate Andrew Orkney (St Edmund Hall 2013), joined the NERC Chanhgning Arctic Ocean programme on Friday, on its first cruise to the Barents Sea. Over 20 researchers from 16 UK research institutes are collaborating on the programme to understand the knock on effects of rapid warming and sea ice loss in the Arctic region.
Some of the clearest signs of change are the thinning and retreat of sea ice and the migration of species into the Arctic that normally live at lower latitudes. These changes are likely to have an unprecedented impact on how the Arctic ecosystem operates. For example, as the fastest warming oceanic region in the world, the Arctic could be free of sea ice in summer within a few decades. This change is likely to affect the UK climate and economy, with anticipated impacts on industries like tourism and fisheries.
The UK scientists will contribute to international efforts to build a comprehensive picture of the constantly changing Arctic environment. They will look at a wide range of complex interactions between different organisms in the ocean and at the seafloor. Robotic underwater vehicles will also be deployed to collect data near the edge of the sea ice. Hundreds of litres of seawater will be filtered to capture phytoplankton, and special plankton nets will capture zooplankton, small animals that are an essential food source in the Arctic.
Dr Jo Hopkins, from the National Oceanography Centre and Principal Scientific Officer on the ship, said: “This is an exciting and ambitious first cruise that will collect a vast amount of information about Arctic water and sediments and the life that they support. Improving our understanding of how the Arctic ecosystem functions today will help us better predict and manage how it may change in the future.”
The ultimate goal of Changing Arctic Oceans is to generate a better understanding of the Arctic so models can more accurately predict future change to the environment and the ecosystem. Within the Programme itself there are 76 scientists, with the lead investigators from the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) and the Universities of Leeds and Liverpool.
Dr Bouman described her involvement in the project “We will be collecting seawater to examine the photosynthetic properties of Arctic marine phytoplankton, tiny microscopic algae that form the base of the marine food chain. We plan to revisit the Barents Sea region at different times of the year under different sea-ice conditions, to monitor how sea ice impacts their growth and community structure.” Andrew will be analysing results from this cruise in his forthcoming DPhil project, with Heather as supervisor.
The four projects cover different aspects of the Programme’s goals: the way change in the Arctic is affecting the food chain, from small organisms at the bottom to large predators at the top (ARISE), how warming influences the single main food source at the bottom of the food chain (DIAPOD), the effect of retreating and thinning sea ice on nutrients and sea life in the surface ocean (Arctic PRIZE) and on the ecosystem at the seafloor (ChAOS).
Details of the cruise and the research programme can be found at http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/funded/programmes/arcticocean/ and https://arcticarise.wordpress.com/. Tweets from various researchers aboard the RV James Clark Ross are listed here: https://twitter.com/ScotMarineInst/lists/changingarcticocean.